Răspuns :
Problema 1)
a)Aflam care substanta este in exces!
Notam:
m(NaOH)=60 g
nr. moli NaOH=n1 si M(NaOH)=23 g/mol+16 g/mol+1 g/mol=40 g/mol
m(HNO3)=126 g
nr. moli HNO3= n2 si M(HNO3)=1 g/mol+ 14 g/mol+ 3*16 g/mol=63 g/mol
=>m(NaOH)= n1*M(NaOH)=>n1= m(NaOH)/M(NaOH)=>n1=60/40=>
=>n1=1,5 moli NaOH
=>m(HNO3)= n2*M(HNO3)=>n2= m(HNO3)/M(HNO3)=>n2=126/63=>
=>n2=2 moli HNO3
Comparam raportul molar al celor 2 substante (NaOH si HNO3):
NaOH raportul molar n1/1mol si HNO3 are raportul molar n2/1 mol
=> 1,5 moli/1mol si 2moli/1 mol => 1,5 moli/1mol<2 moli/1mol=>HNO3 este in exces
b)
Determinam masa de NaNO3 doar in functie de cantitatea de NaOH(care interactioneaza complet):
1,5 moli x g
NaOH + HNO3 = H2O + NaNO3
1mol 1 mol 1 mol 1 mol
1*(23+14+3*16)=85 g
1,5/1=x/85=>x=1,5*85=>x=127,5 g NaNO3
Problema2)
mi HCl=255,5 g HCl cu p=80%=>p=(mp*100)/mi=>mp=(p*mi)/100=>
=>mp=(80*255,5)/100=>mp=204,4 g HCl
x moli 204,4 g
Mg + 2 HCl = H2 + MgCl2
1 mol 2 moli
2*(1+35,5)=73 g
x/1=204,4/73=>x=204,4/73=>x= 2,8 moli Mg
Problema 3)
mi Mg=10 g Mg cu p=96%=>p=(mp*100)/mi=>mp=(p*mi)/100=>
=>mp=(96*10)/100=>mp=9,6 g Mg
9,6 g x g y moli
Mg + 2 Cl = MgCl2
1 mol 2 moli 1 mol
1*24=24 g 2* 35,5=71 g
9,6/24=x/71=>x=(9,6*71)/24=>x=28,4 g Cl
9,6/24=y/1=>y=0,4 moli MgCl2
Problema 4)
x moli 25 g y moli, g
2 Cl + H2 = 2 HCl
2 moli 1 mol 2 moli
1*2*1=2 g 2*(1+35,5)=73 g
x/2=25/2=>x=25 moli Cl
25/2=y/2=>y=25 moli HCl
25/2=y/73=>y=(25*73)/2=>y=912,5 g HCl
Problema 5)
x moli 3 moli y g z l
3 H2SO4 + 2 Al = Al2(SO4)3 + 3 H2
3 moli 2 moli 1 mol 3 moli
1*[2*27+3*(32+4*16)]=342 g 3*22,4=67,2 l
x/3=3/2=>x=(3*3)/2=>x=4,5 moli H2SO4
3/2=y/342=>y=(3*342)/2=>y=513 g Al2(SO4)3
3/2=z/67,2=>z=(3*67,2)/2=>z=100,8 l H2
a)Aflam care substanta este in exces!
Notam:
m(NaOH)=60 g
nr. moli NaOH=n1 si M(NaOH)=23 g/mol+16 g/mol+1 g/mol=40 g/mol
m(HNO3)=126 g
nr. moli HNO3= n2 si M(HNO3)=1 g/mol+ 14 g/mol+ 3*16 g/mol=63 g/mol
=>m(NaOH)= n1*M(NaOH)=>n1= m(NaOH)/M(NaOH)=>n1=60/40=>
=>n1=1,5 moli NaOH
=>m(HNO3)= n2*M(HNO3)=>n2= m(HNO3)/M(HNO3)=>n2=126/63=>
=>n2=2 moli HNO3
Comparam raportul molar al celor 2 substante (NaOH si HNO3):
NaOH raportul molar n1/1mol si HNO3 are raportul molar n2/1 mol
=> 1,5 moli/1mol si 2moli/1 mol => 1,5 moli/1mol<2 moli/1mol=>HNO3 este in exces
b)
Determinam masa de NaNO3 doar in functie de cantitatea de NaOH(care interactioneaza complet):
1,5 moli x g
NaOH + HNO3 = H2O + NaNO3
1mol 1 mol 1 mol 1 mol
1*(23+14+3*16)=85 g
1,5/1=x/85=>x=1,5*85=>x=127,5 g NaNO3
Problema2)
mi HCl=255,5 g HCl cu p=80%=>p=(mp*100)/mi=>mp=(p*mi)/100=>
=>mp=(80*255,5)/100=>mp=204,4 g HCl
x moli 204,4 g
Mg + 2 HCl = H2 + MgCl2
1 mol 2 moli
2*(1+35,5)=73 g
x/1=204,4/73=>x=204,4/73=>x= 2,8 moli Mg
Problema 3)
mi Mg=10 g Mg cu p=96%=>p=(mp*100)/mi=>mp=(p*mi)/100=>
=>mp=(96*10)/100=>mp=9,6 g Mg
9,6 g x g y moli
Mg + 2 Cl = MgCl2
1 mol 2 moli 1 mol
1*24=24 g 2* 35,5=71 g
9,6/24=x/71=>x=(9,6*71)/24=>x=28,4 g Cl
9,6/24=y/1=>y=0,4 moli MgCl2
Problema 4)
x moli 25 g y moli, g
2 Cl + H2 = 2 HCl
2 moli 1 mol 2 moli
1*2*1=2 g 2*(1+35,5)=73 g
x/2=25/2=>x=25 moli Cl
25/2=y/2=>y=25 moli HCl
25/2=y/73=>y=(25*73)/2=>y=912,5 g HCl
Problema 5)
x moli 3 moli y g z l
3 H2SO4 + 2 Al = Al2(SO4)3 + 3 H2
3 moli 2 moli 1 mol 3 moli
1*[2*27+3*(32+4*16)]=342 g 3*22,4=67,2 l
x/3=3/2=>x=(3*3)/2=>x=4,5 moli H2SO4
3/2=y/342=>y=(3*342)/2=>y=513 g Al2(SO4)3
3/2=z/67,2=>z=(3*67,2)/2=>z=100,8 l H2